Citations
Primary Sources:
The Botching Taylor Cutting His Cloth to Cover a Button. 1779. Photograph. Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC). Library of Congress. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This political cartoon was originally published in London by James Tomlinson. It shows King George III cutting a ribbon labeled "Ireland Great Britain Hanover." There is a piece of cloth already cut labeled "North America" being held by Lord North. The Earl of Sandwich, the Earl of Mansfield, and George Germain are standing behind him. In the background, the Pope and Charles Edward the Pretender are standing in an embrace. Hanging on the wall behind them is a painting "Flight into Egypt" which shows the royal family passing a sign "To Hanover."
Declaration of Independence. 1776. Photograph. National Archives, Washington D.C. Web. 14 Feb. 2013
The National Archives gave a electronic copy of the Declaration of Independence from an engraving by William J. Stone in 1823, which was written by Thomas Jefferson and has signatures of famous Irish immigrants.
"Henry, Patrick". Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
This database gave a portrait of the famous orator and governor of Virginia, Patrick Henry. He gave the famous “Give me liberty or give me death!” speech that caused uproar in America.
"Immigration political cartoon." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.
This cartoon provided a political cartoon that was drawn post-American Revolution to show the effects of immigration on the United States, with a section dedicated to an Irish immigrant.
"No Irish Need Apply." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.
This song provided evidence of bigotry against Irish immigrants post-American Revolution, even though they were crucial during the country's victory.
The Political Cartoon for the Year 1775. 1775. Photograph. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC), Washington D.C. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC). Westminster Magazine. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
This political cartoon depicts King George III and Lord Mansfield pulled by horses labeled "Obstinacy" and "Pride" into the abyss, which is supposed to symbolize the American Revolution.
Trumbull, John. The Battle of Bunker's Hill. 1786. Oil on canvas. Yale University Art Gallery, Yale University, Connecticut.
This painting is considered a primary because he has direct access to the revolution because his father was Jonathan Trumbull, who was the first governor of Connecticut and was Scot-Irish.
Vanderlyn, John. Murder of Jane McCrea. 1804. Oil on canvas. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT.
This painting of the murder of Jane McCrea, which is a turning point in America's recruitment, is considered a primary source because the artist was born during the Revolution, so he was directly affected by the activity of the American Revolution. It led him to paint him this interpretation of the murder of Jane McCrea.
Wirt, William. Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry. (Philadelphia) 1836, as reproduced in The World's Great Speeches, Lewis Copeland and Lawrence W. Lamm, eds., (New York) 1973
This book records the speech of Patrick Henry in 1775, but it was not published until 1836. The speech was written from a collection of interviews of people who saw the speech in person Patrick Henry did not write it down before presenting it. I created a Pages document then converted it to a photograph that has the text of the speech on it from the Colonial Williamsburg website to give a visual of the speech.
Secondary Sources:
American colonies. Map/Still. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 13 Feb. 2013
This map gives a visual of where the thirteen colonies were originally located and where the English settled.
American Revolution: major battles of the American Revolution. Map/Still. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 9 Jan. 2013.
This map provided locations of where the battles were located, their dates, if it was naval or land based, and the names of the battles.
"American Revolution." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 8 Feb. 2013.
This article from an online encyclopedia gives general information about the Revolution. There is not anything too detailed out about a single battle.
Athearn, Robert G. American Heritage New Illustrated History of the United States: The Revolution. Vol. 3. New York: Dell, 1963. Print.
The whole book of paintings, information, and photographs was helpful in finding the complete history of the American Revolution.
Bingham, Caleb. The Columbian Orator Containing a Variety of Original and Selected Pieces ; Together with Rules, Calculated to Improve Youth and Others in the Ornamental and Useful Art of Eloquence. Boston: Printed for Caleb Bingham, 1817. New York Public Library. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.
These political essays, poem, and dialogues provided a speech that was given by a man named Mr. O'Connor for the emancipation of Irish Catholics at the House of Commons.
"Bunker Hill, Battle of." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition.Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This report gave a synopsis about the Battle of Bunker Hill.
Callahan, Nelson J., and William F. Hickey. "The First Irish Immigrants." The Irish. By Karen P. Hossell. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven, 2005. 24-25. Coming To America. Print. 31 Jan. 2013
This source provided a quote from the adopted son of George Washington, George Washington Parke Custis, a writer, regarding how important the Irish were in the American Revolution. It also provided information about the first Irish immigrants.
Currier, N. Murder of Miss Jane McCrea A.D. 1777. 1846. Photograph. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Web. 8 Feb. 2013.
There are two different lithographs published in New York by Currier & Ives. One was a black and white and the other was colored. They were both made by the same person and look exactly alike.
"Declaration of Independence." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition.Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This encyclopedia article gave information about the contents and purpose of the Declaration of Independence.
Haltigan, James. The Irish in the American Revolution, and Their Early Influence in the Colonies,. Washington, D.C.: P.J. Haltigan, 1908. New York Public Library. Web. 10 Jan. 2013.
From this online book, there was endless amount of information, but the only information used was a list of Irish people who contributed to the American and how they were important.
"Hamilton, Alexander." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition.Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This article gave information on where Alexander Hamilton immigrated to America from, which is a consequence of Oliver Cromwell exiled Irish to the West Indies.
Ireland, history of: land ownership by Roman Catholics in 1641, 1688, and 1703.
Map/Still. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 31 Jan. 2013
This article gave a map of Ireland with the percentage of Roman Catholics in Ireland over a period of time.
"Irish Immigration Facts." Irish Immigration Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2013.
This website provided statistics of Irish immigration, most importantly, the Colonial Era.
Ireland: location. Map/Still. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
This source provided a map that helped distinguish where Northern Ireland and the rest of Ireland were divided.
"Irish Rebellion." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
On Encyclopedia Brtiannica, this article provided an example of how Ireland used the American Revolution to get their own independence and showed some lasting effects of what happened to Irish men.
"Jane McCrea (North American Colonist)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013. Web. 08 Feb. 2013.
This story is about Jane McCrea during the Battle of Ticonderoga and how she was scalped.
Jefferson, Thomas. Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 22 Jan. 2013.
This painting provided a photograph of famous Irish descendant, who was important during the American Revolution.
Johnson, James E. The Scots and Scotch-Irish in America. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1966. Print. IN AMERICA.
The second chapter of the book The Scots and Scotch-Irish in America, Part II. The Scotch-Irish, gave valuable information on the Scot-Irish immigrants in Ulster, push factors, and the difficulties of being at sea. (pg. 8-16)
Part III of the book, Scotch-Irish Settlements in America, gives multiple areas in America where the Scot-Irish settled and examples of what families had to endure in each area. (pg. 22-32)
The Scotch-Irish in the American Revolution, Part VI, gives reason to the bitterness towards England and the Irish military contribution. (pg. 45-49)
Logan, Joseph. "The American Revolution - (Battles)." The American Revolution - (Battles). The American Revolution, 2011. Web. 08 Feb. 2013.
This organization published a website about the history of the American Revolution but with specific detail on each battle of the Revolution.
Rapple, Brendan A. "Countries and Their Cultures." Irish Americans. Advameg, Inc., 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.
This website gives information about the Irish religions, how they were affected in Ireland and the results of these push factors into America.
Stark, John. Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This photograph of a statue was of a famous Irish officer with a group of his own men during the Battle of Saratoga. He was also a soldier during the Battle of Bunker Hill.
Wittke, Carl F. The Irish In America. Ed. Clifford L. Lord. New York: Teachers College, 1968. Print.
This pamphlet about Irish immigration from the beginning of America to the twentieth century. It has specific statistics about the immigration during the Colonial Era.
The Botching Taylor Cutting His Cloth to Cover a Button. 1779. Photograph. Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC). Library of Congress. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This political cartoon was originally published in London by James Tomlinson. It shows King George III cutting a ribbon labeled "Ireland Great Britain Hanover." There is a piece of cloth already cut labeled "North America" being held by Lord North. The Earl of Sandwich, the Earl of Mansfield, and George Germain are standing behind him. In the background, the Pope and Charles Edward the Pretender are standing in an embrace. Hanging on the wall behind them is a painting "Flight into Egypt" which shows the royal family passing a sign "To Hanover."
Declaration of Independence. 1776. Photograph. National Archives, Washington D.C. Web. 14 Feb. 2013
The National Archives gave a electronic copy of the Declaration of Independence from an engraving by William J. Stone in 1823, which was written by Thomas Jefferson and has signatures of famous Irish immigrants.
"Henry, Patrick". Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web. 11 Feb. 2013.
This database gave a portrait of the famous orator and governor of Virginia, Patrick Henry. He gave the famous “Give me liberty or give me death!” speech that caused uproar in America.
"Immigration political cartoon." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.
This cartoon provided a political cartoon that was drawn post-American Revolution to show the effects of immigration on the United States, with a section dedicated to an Irish immigrant.
"No Irish Need Apply." Image. Library of Congress. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.
This song provided evidence of bigotry against Irish immigrants post-American Revolution, even though they were crucial during the country's victory.
The Political Cartoon for the Year 1775. 1775. Photograph. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC), Washington D.C. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC). Westminster Magazine. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
This political cartoon depicts King George III and Lord Mansfield pulled by horses labeled "Obstinacy" and "Pride" into the abyss, which is supposed to symbolize the American Revolution.
Trumbull, John. The Battle of Bunker's Hill. 1786. Oil on canvas. Yale University Art Gallery, Yale University, Connecticut.
This painting is considered a primary because he has direct access to the revolution because his father was Jonathan Trumbull, who was the first governor of Connecticut and was Scot-Irish.
Vanderlyn, John. Murder of Jane McCrea. 1804. Oil on canvas. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT.
This painting of the murder of Jane McCrea, which is a turning point in America's recruitment, is considered a primary source because the artist was born during the Revolution, so he was directly affected by the activity of the American Revolution. It led him to paint him this interpretation of the murder of Jane McCrea.
Wirt, William. Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry. (Philadelphia) 1836, as reproduced in The World's Great Speeches, Lewis Copeland and Lawrence W. Lamm, eds., (New York) 1973
This book records the speech of Patrick Henry in 1775, but it was not published until 1836. The speech was written from a collection of interviews of people who saw the speech in person Patrick Henry did not write it down before presenting it. I created a Pages document then converted it to a photograph that has the text of the speech on it from the Colonial Williamsburg website to give a visual of the speech.
Secondary Sources:
American colonies. Map/Still. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 13 Feb. 2013
This map gives a visual of where the thirteen colonies were originally located and where the English settled.
American Revolution: major battles of the American Revolution. Map/Still. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 9 Jan. 2013.
This map provided locations of where the battles were located, their dates, if it was naval or land based, and the names of the battles.
"American Revolution." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 8 Feb. 2013.
This article from an online encyclopedia gives general information about the Revolution. There is not anything too detailed out about a single battle.
Athearn, Robert G. American Heritage New Illustrated History of the United States: The Revolution. Vol. 3. New York: Dell, 1963. Print.
The whole book of paintings, information, and photographs was helpful in finding the complete history of the American Revolution.
Bingham, Caleb. The Columbian Orator Containing a Variety of Original and Selected Pieces ; Together with Rules, Calculated to Improve Youth and Others in the Ornamental and Useful Art of Eloquence. Boston: Printed for Caleb Bingham, 1817. New York Public Library. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.
These political essays, poem, and dialogues provided a speech that was given by a man named Mr. O'Connor for the emancipation of Irish Catholics at the House of Commons.
"Bunker Hill, Battle of." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition.Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This report gave a synopsis about the Battle of Bunker Hill.
Callahan, Nelson J., and William F. Hickey. "The First Irish Immigrants." The Irish. By Karen P. Hossell. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven, 2005. 24-25. Coming To America. Print. 31 Jan. 2013
This source provided a quote from the adopted son of George Washington, George Washington Parke Custis, a writer, regarding how important the Irish were in the American Revolution. It also provided information about the first Irish immigrants.
Currier, N. Murder of Miss Jane McCrea A.D. 1777. 1846. Photograph. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Web. 8 Feb. 2013.
There are two different lithographs published in New York by Currier & Ives. One was a black and white and the other was colored. They were both made by the same person and look exactly alike.
"Declaration of Independence." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition.Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This encyclopedia article gave information about the contents and purpose of the Declaration of Independence.
Haltigan, James. The Irish in the American Revolution, and Their Early Influence in the Colonies,. Washington, D.C.: P.J. Haltigan, 1908. New York Public Library. Web. 10 Jan. 2013.
From this online book, there was endless amount of information, but the only information used was a list of Irish people who contributed to the American and how they were important.
"Hamilton, Alexander." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition.Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This article gave information on where Alexander Hamilton immigrated to America from, which is a consequence of Oliver Cromwell exiled Irish to the West Indies.
Ireland, history of: land ownership by Roman Catholics in 1641, 1688, and 1703.
Map/Still. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 31 Jan. 2013
This article gave a map of Ireland with the percentage of Roman Catholics in Ireland over a period of time.
"Irish Immigration Facts." Irish Immigration Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2013.
This website provided statistics of Irish immigration, most importantly, the Colonial Era.
Ireland: location. Map/Still. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
This source provided a map that helped distinguish where Northern Ireland and the rest of Ireland were divided.
"Irish Rebellion." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2013. Web. 6 Jan. 2013.
On Encyclopedia Brtiannica, this article provided an example of how Ireland used the American Revolution to get their own independence and showed some lasting effects of what happened to Irish men.
"Jane McCrea (North American Colonist)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013. Web. 08 Feb. 2013.
This story is about Jane McCrea during the Battle of Ticonderoga and how she was scalped.
Jefferson, Thomas. Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 22 Jan. 2013.
This painting provided a photograph of famous Irish descendant, who was important during the American Revolution.
Johnson, James E. The Scots and Scotch-Irish in America. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1966. Print. IN AMERICA.
The second chapter of the book The Scots and Scotch-Irish in America, Part II. The Scotch-Irish, gave valuable information on the Scot-Irish immigrants in Ulster, push factors, and the difficulties of being at sea. (pg. 8-16)
Part III of the book, Scotch-Irish Settlements in America, gives multiple areas in America where the Scot-Irish settled and examples of what families had to endure in each area. (pg. 22-32)
The Scotch-Irish in the American Revolution, Part VI, gives reason to the bitterness towards England and the Irish military contribution. (pg. 45-49)
Logan, Joseph. "The American Revolution - (Battles)." The American Revolution - (Battles). The American Revolution, 2011. Web. 08 Feb. 2013.
This organization published a website about the history of the American Revolution but with specific detail on each battle of the Revolution.
Rapple, Brendan A. "Countries and Their Cultures." Irish Americans. Advameg, Inc., 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.
This website gives information about the Irish religions, how they were affected in Ireland and the results of these push factors into America.
Stark, John. Photograph. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.
This photograph of a statue was of a famous Irish officer with a group of his own men during the Battle of Saratoga. He was also a soldier during the Battle of Bunker Hill.
Wittke, Carl F. The Irish In America. Ed. Clifford L. Lord. New York: Teachers College, 1968. Print.
This pamphlet about Irish immigration from the beginning of America to the twentieth century. It has specific statistics about the immigration during the Colonial Era.